<p>Plymouth Congregational Church, also known as Plymouth Church or Temple Keser Israel, is a former late-nineteenth-century Congregational Church at 1469 Chapel Street in New Haven, Connecticut. The church, a fine example of Romanesque Revival architecture, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The church is a notable example of an adaptive reuse, having been converted into a synagogue and medical office building.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Plymouth Congregational Church is located northwest of the New Haven Green in New Haven&#39;s Dwight neighborhood, at the northeast corner of Chapel and Sherman Streets. It is a large masonry structure, built out of brownstone with Romanesque Revival styling. The facade facing Church Street is historically its principal facade, with a gable flanked by square towers. The left tower is the taller of the two, with a turreted belfry level topped by a polygonal roof. Original main entrances are set in recesses at the base of this tower.</p><br>
<p>The congregation for which the church was built was founded in 1831 as the Missionary Church, and met in rented spaces until 1848, when its first edifice was built in College Street. The congregation acquired the present lot in 1884, and built in the early 1900s. It was formally renamed the Plymouth Congregational Church at this building&#39;s dedication in 1901. The congregation peaked in size in 1929, and declined after World War II. The building was sold to the Temple Kezar Jewish congregation in 1949, and the congregation was eventually merged into the Center Church on the Green. The building was converted for use as a Jewish synagogue, a role it fulfilled until 1968, when Temple Kezar merged with Temple Beth El and moved into a new building.</p><br>
<p>The building was abandoned and vacant for several years, inviting extensive vandalism and water damage. An initial attempt to convert the abandoned building into medical offices with the insertion of three floors and the complete destruction of any extant internal features was denied by the regional National Park Service office since the alterations would "… leave no area for perception of even part of the original. grand, open plan." Upon appeal, however, and a review of the damage already afflicted, the reuse was approved since the damage was seen to be beyond repair and the interior was gutted.</p><br>
<p>The Beaverkill Valley Inn, formerly known as The Bonnie View, is located off Beaverkill Road  north of Lew Beach, New York, United States. It is a large wooden hotel built near the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was built as a lodge for anglers coming to fly fish for trout in the nearby Beaver Kill. It is one of the few fishing lodges remaining from that era of resort development remaining in the Catskills, and the only one along the upper Beaver Kill. In 1985 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the westernmost property in the county with that distinction.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The inn property is a mostly rectangular 60.7 acre parcel along Barnhart Road bordered by the Beaver Kill on the south and west, along the streams flood plain at the foot of a wooded hillside near the Delaware County line, at an elevation of 1,680 ft above sea level. There are several other outbuildings and recreational resources on the property besides the inn. All are of recent construction or have been extensively altered from their original appearance; only the inn and the propertys section of the river are considered contributing resources.</p><br>
<p>The main building is a two-story L-shaped frame structure with gabled roof shingled in asphalt and pierced by large gabled dormers with two windows each. It is topped with a cupola with flared hipped roof and louvered arched vents. Siding is clapboard giving way to wood shingles in the gable fields.</p><br>
<p>A shed-roofed veranda, rounded at the northeast corner, supported by square pillars with simple capitals runs the length of the north, south and east elevations. It is broken by stairways at the center of the six-bay east (front) facade, the eastern end of the south, and a porte-cochère on the north. A railing of square-sawn members also runs the length of the porch; spheres on newel posts are the only decoration. All windows are flanked with louvered shutters</p><br>
<p>Three single-story wings have been added to the building. The south one takes in an enclosed portion of the veranda and serves as the manager&#39;s apartment. The north one houses the kitchen, with a former porch now enclosed to create more space. A west wing with shed dormers on the roof and a deck at the end provides lounge space for guests.</p><br>
<p>Inside, a central hall is flanked by sitting rooms on the front and the dining room, reception area on the rear with the stairs. The sitting rooms have their original oak trim and brick-and-stone fireplaces. The dining room has the original trim as well, with a new bay window added to let more natural light in. The original turned oak spindlework and balustrade remain on the stairs.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs, the rooms on the second floor have been enlarged to allow the installation of private bathrooms. The rooms on the third floor are their original size; the shared bathrooms have been enlarged. The original window trim remains on both. The basement has been finished for use as a laundry and game room.</p><br>
<p>Near the house are two attached frame barns dating to the propertys original construction but enlarged today for use as conference rooms and support facilities for an added swimming pool. A wooded area up the hill screens the inns tennis courts. A new springhouse up Barnhart Road replaced a dilapidated original. Hiking trails and footpaths have been built around the property to connect all these facilities and offer their own recreational possibilities.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The combination of minimal arable land, remoteness and continuing land disputes over the Hardenburgh Patent kept the upper Beaverkill Valley from being settled for the first half of the 19th century. The trout in its streams were taken by the few loggers, trappers and (later) tanners who headed up it primarily as food rather than recreation. Their abundance had been written about by Washington Irving as early as 1819, when angling was just beginning to take hold as a recreational activity in the United States. In 1838 The American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine wrote that the Beaver Kill along with Callicoon and Willowemoc creeks were "the three finest trout streams in this country; they are comparatively unknown to city anglers and less fished than any others of like pretension within our knowledge."</p><br>
<p>The Erie Railroad, and later the Ontario and Western, finally made that region of the Catskills more accessible to city anglers in the later half of the century; they began coming in great numbers. With the decline of the tanning industry and the creation of the state Forest Preserve in the 1880s, tourism, in the form of visiting fishermen, became the main industry in the southwestern Catskills. Those fishermen in turn developed the uniquely American technique of dry-fly trout fishing, epitomized in the writings of area resident Theodore Gordon, known in later years as the father of American dry-fly fishing.</p><br>
<p>In the 1895–1915 period, Gordon and other pioneers developed the art of fly tying. Early rod builders perfected the split bamboo fly rod. A community of anglers developed around the Beaverkill and other Catskill rivers, in and out of the private clubs they established to preserve exclusive rights to river frontage. Their lore named pools and bends. They stocked and protected and preserved them. In later years they helped prevent the damming of the Beaverkill and Willowemoc for New York City reservoirs.</p><br>
<p>Hotels and other accommodations were built to cater to sport fishermen during those years, regarded as a golden age of Catskill fly fishing. Three remain today — Antrim Lodge and the Central House in Roscoe, the center of recreational fishing in the Catskills, and the Beaverkill Valley Inn, founded in 1895 as the Bonnie View by a local married couple. Its architecture is typical of the late Victorian architectural styles of its time, with comforts such as its veranda and fireplaces that an affluent male urban guest would have appreciated, built specifically as a fisherman&#39;s hotel.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1980s, new owners renovated the outbuildings, added other recreational facilities and renamed it the Beaverkill Valley Inn. Of the 18 hotels, farmhouses or rooming houses that had fishermen as guests along the upper Beaverkill (above Roscoe), it is the only one intact and in continuous operation today.</p><br>
<p>Casa Cautiño is a house museum in Guayama, Puerto Rico. The museum collection, administered by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, include works of art, wood carvings, sculptures and furniture built by Puerto Rican cabinetmakers for the Cautiño family. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was owned by Genaro Cautiño Vázquez, a wealthy Guayama landowner as well as a colonel of the Volunteer Battalion of the Spanish Army. During the Spanish–American War, the house was the headquarters for the American forces. After the war, Genaro Cautiño returned to occupy the house. An additional Annex house, for extended family, also once existed next to the Iglesia San Antonio. Also, a tunnel still exists linking Casa Cautiño, the annex house and Iglesia San Antonio.</p><br>
<p>The U-shaped structure is one-story with an interior patio, which local architect Manual Texidor built in 1887 after graduation from the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris.</p><br>
<p>It features some of the elements of the Neoclassical architecture style, such as cornices, pilasters, candelabra, Roman arches, relief motifs, and classical ornamentation. These elements were blended with some of the details of the popular architecture of the southern area of Puerto Rico that prevailed when the structure was built.</p><br>
<p>The Gunter Hotel is a historic hotel in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, United states, built in 1909 and designed by St. Louis architect John Mauran. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gunter Hotel opened on November 20, 1909, on the site of the earlier Mahncke Hotel. There had been a hotel or inn on the same site since 1837. The eight-story, 301-room hotel was built by the San Antonio Hotel Company and named for Jot Gunter, a local rancher and real estate developer who was one of its financiers. It was designed by Ernest John Russell, of the St. Louis firm Mauran, Russell & Garden. It was the largest building in San Antonio at the time.</p><br>
<p>The Baker Hotel Company purchased the hotel in 1924 and expanded it in 1926 with the addition of three stories. The addition was designed by architect Herbert M. Greene.</p><br>
<p>It was restored from 1980-1985, overseen by architect Robert V. Buck. At the same time, a two-story parking garage was added adjacent to the hotel, designed by Gustav Heye. It was renamed the Radisson Gunter Hotel in April 1986 and then the Sheraton Gunter Hotel in 1989. It was sold to the Camberley Group in 1996, becoming The Camberley Gunter. It was sold to Houston Street Hotel Partners in 1999 and became, again, the Sheraton Gunter Hotel. In June 2023, it was renamed The Gunter Hotel, though it is still managed by Marriott.</p><br>
<p>The insurance company United Services Automobile Association was formed based on a meeting of twenty five United States Army Officers on June 20, 1922 at the Gunter Hotel to discuss the procurement of reliable and economical auto insurance.</p><br>
<h3>Military use</h3><br>
<p>The Vance House hotel, now the site of the Gunter Hotel, became the administrative offices for the USA Army during the Mexican–American War from 1846-1847 as the Headquarters for Texas military affairs. At this site, General David E. Twiggs surrendered $1,600,000 in federal property to the forces of Confederate Texas. The Gunter Hotel was also the site of the headquarters of Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee who assumed command of the Post of San Antonio on August 5, 1857.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>On November 27, 1936, Room 414 of the Gunter was the scene of a historic recording session by blues artist Robert Johnson. Talent scout H. C. Speir had arranged the session with Brunswick Records who set up a temporary studio in the hotel where Johnson recorded a number of songs including the blues classic "Sweet Home Chicago".</p><br>
<p>In 2009, John Mellencamp came to the Gunter to record the track "Right Behind Me" for his album No Better Than This, in the same room where Johnson had recorded in 1936.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 American singer songwriter Joe Henry and British singer-songwriter Billy Bragg recorded a record in room 414 for their Shine a Light collaboration.</p><br>
<p>The John J. Suhr House is a historic house located on Langdon Street, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1886, the house was admitted to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Dane County, Wisconsin on June 17, 1982. The residence was built in the French Second Empire architectural style by the local prominent architect Captain John Nader, who also designed Holy Redeemer Catholic Church (1869), St. Patricks Catholic Church (1888–89), the Suhr Bank Building (1887), and the citys first sewer system. The house features a mansard roof, stone window trim and fancy woodwork on the bays. Additional construction occurred in 1902.</p><br>
<p>The houses first owner, John J. Suhr, was born in Bremen, Germany, in 1836 and immigrated to Madison in 1857. He worked as a bookkeeper in the State Bank until 1871, when he founded the German Bank. He changed the name of the bank to the German-American Bank in 1885. John J. Suhr died in 1901. His family owned and resided in the Suhr House for two generations until the death of John J. Suhrs son, John J. Suhr, Jr., in 1957.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, it became a Alpha Xi Delta sorority house, and in 1994 it was sold to a private landlord.</p><br>
<p>The house currently serves as off-campus student housing, like the majority of the former houses on Langdon Street.</p><br>
<p>The Sacajawea Hotel, also known as Sacajawea Inn, is a hotel in Three Forks, Montana, United States. Built in 1910, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The listing included three contributing buildings over a 1.8 acre area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel served passengers on the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, which terminated in Three Forks until 1927, when the line was extended to Gallatin Gateway. The original building was the Madison Hotel, built in 1862 on the original Three Forks townsite, and moved on log rollers a mile to its present location. At the time, the Milwaukee Depot was across the street, though the railroad That building now is the eastern portion of the current structure, housing support facilities. In 1910, the main lobby and 29 rooms were constructed by railroad agent John Q. Adams, who hired architect Fred Willson to create a grand but warm and welcoming design.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The condition of the hotel had declined significantly by the 1990s. It was renovated with all new plumbing and electrical system, as well as new cedar roof by Smith and Jane Roedel, who owned the hotel from 1991 to 1997.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 it was put up for sale and was bought in 2009 by the Folkvord family, which owns the bread company Wheat Montana. The hotel was closed for seven months for renovation, was refurbished and reopened. The hotel now includes a bar in the basement, restaurant with bar and adjoining meeting room, and 29 hotel rooms. They also offer bicycles for use on a trail that was created from one of the abandoned railroad trails.</p><br>
<p>The Bayonne Community Museum is located in the Bergen Point section of Bayonne, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed by architect Lansing C. Holden Sr., the Bayonne Trust Company building is an excellent example of Beaux-Arts architecture. The general contractor for the building was Wells & Marvin of New York, and the granite work was done by the George Brown Company. Construction began on May 1, 1912, with a budget of $100,000, but it cost $150,000 when completed. The bank opened on November 8, 1913. The Commercial Trust Company, its first occupant, was dissolved in 1948, and the building was sold to the United Jersey Bank. It was subsequently owned by Summit Bank and Fleet National Bank. FleetBoston Financial, which merged with Summit Bancorp in 2001, sold the bank building to the city on December 19, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Until its purchase by the City of Bayonne, the building had been used as a bank, which has contributed to the preservation of its architectural integrity. The bank was remodeled in the 1970s. The remodeling involved adding drop ceilings that covered up three stained glass windows. The original bronze doors were replaced with double doors of contemporary glass and bronze oxidized aluminum in 1979. The two-story Vermont granite-clad structure features paired, fluted Ionic columns flanking the front door, with segmented arch windows over the doorway. The entrance is in a pediment portico. The stone lintel over the door has the engraving "Incorporated 1902." The original four-riser granite stairs to the entrance are in good condition as is the contemporary wrought iron railing, which is not original to the building. A large gilt lamp adorns each side of the entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>Fleet Bank donated the building to the city of Bayonne in October 2002. The building is now known as the Bayonne Community Museum. planned to open after the completion of the renovation of the facility and installation of its first exhibition. The non-profit organization is creating a collection which contains variety of artifacts and other donated objects. In September 2010 the museum received $240,000 from Hudson County for continued realization of the redevelopment of the building. While the project has exceeded the original $3.1 million projected costs, work proceeds, including the restoration of the terrazzo floor. In January 2012, the Bayonne City Council authorized $175,000 contract for the installation of a HVAC system.</p><br>
<p>While the building has not opened to the public on a regular basis it is available for use for public and private events.</p><br>
<p>The College Avenue Historic District in Appleton, Wisconsin is a 7 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. In 1982, it included 27 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area, one of which is the 12 story Zuelke Building, and one contributing object, the Soldiers Square Civil War Monument.</p><br>
<p>The contributing buildings include:</p><br>
<p>Zuelke Building, 103 W. College Avenue, a twelve-story gray granite building. Its interior is one of few intact original interiors</p><br>
<p>in the district.</p><br>
<p>Gibson&#39;s Auto Exchange, at 211 W. College Avenue, Art Deco.</p><br>
<p>Bissing Building, 203-205 W. College Avenue, with lions&#39; heads in its roofline pediments. In 1982 two commercial establishments, Boot Hill and Brown Beam Tavern, occupied the building.</p><br>
<p>Fort Strother was a stockade fort at Ten Islands in the Mississippi Territory, in what is today St. Clair County, Alabama. It was located on a bluff of the Coosa River, near the modern Neely Henry Dam in Ragland, Alabama. The fort was built by General Andrew Jackson and several thousand militiamen in November 1813, during the Creek War and was named for Captain John Strother, Jackson&#39;s chief cartographer.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Creek War</h3><br>
<p>On November 1, 1813, General Jackson reached the area of Ten Islands and began construction of Fort Strother. The fort was rectangular in shape and had blockhouses at each corner. It also included a supply building, eight hospital huts, and twenty-five tents. While constructing the fort, Jackson received news of a large number of Red Sticks that were in the village of Tallasseehatchee. He instructed General John Coffee to attack the village, resulting in the Battle of Tallushatchee. After the Battle of Tallushatchee, Red Stick warriors under the command of William Weatherford surrounded Fort Leslie and demanded that the inhabitants join in fighting against the United States. One of the occupants escaped and was able to reach Fort Strother and inform Jackson of the siege. Jackson ordered James White and his soldiers to guard Fort Strother while he proceeded to Fort Leslie. Instead, General John Alexander Cocke ordered White to proceed to the Hillabee towns and destroy them. Nevertheless, Jackson marched to Fort Leslie and fought the Battle of Talladega.</p><br>
<p>Jackson struggled with keeping Fort Strother supplied through the winter of 1813, despite it being connected to Fort Deposit on the Tennessee River by a 55-mile long supply road. Some of the Tennessee soldiers stationed at Fort Strother became disgruntled and felt their obligation to serve had been fulfilled. These soldiers deserted their posts, but were recaptured or chose to voluntarily return, Even so, six were executed. Supplies began to arrive from Fort Deposit and Fort Armstrong, along with additional reinforcements. With these new volunteers, Jackson set out to fight the Red Sticks at the large encampment at Tohopeka, but was instead attacked en route at the Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek. Returning to Fort Strother, Jackson continued to enlarge his forces with additional soldiers and supplies. Among the reinforcements were William McIntosh and seventy-five Coweta warriors, who came to Fort Strother after the Battle of Calebee Creek. In March 1814, Jackson dispatched Colonel John Williams and the 39th Infantry Regiment to establish Fort Williams further down the Coosa River. Jackson then marched to Fort Williams, and from there, his forces marched to Tohopeka and fought the Battle of Horseshoe Bend on March 27, 1814.</p><br>
<h3>Present</h3><br>
<p>An inscribed stone marker near Highway 144, erected by the county, records a brief history of the fort. The Daughters of the American Revolution also placed a commemorative marker at the site on the one-hundredth anniversary of the fort&#39;s founding.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The fort site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. St. Clair County acquired the property in 2012. The exact location of the fort has not been identified, but the site of a cemetery and camp have been confirmed by archaeological investigations. Approximately 76 unmarked soldiers&#39; graves have been identified laid out in three rows in the cemetery. Local efforts have been made to have the fort site and graves federally protected.</p><br>
<h2>Units</h2><br>
<p>Members of the 1st and 2nd Regiment East Tennessee Volunteer Militia were stationed at Fort Strother, some under the command of Samuel Wear. Members of the Cherokee tribe were also stationed at Fort Strother. Davy Crockett spent time at Fort Strother during his service in the Creek War. Sam Houston was also stationed at Fort Strother while a member of the 39th Infantry Regiment.</p><br>
<p>The Main Street Historic District is a 21 acre national historic district located at Marion, McDowell County, North Carolina. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. In 1991, it included 36 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<p>Specifically included in the Main Street Historic District are: one church: First Baptist (1914); two former hotels: the Eagle Hotel, which survived the 1894 fire, and the Hotel Marianna (1910); a bank on Main Street built in 1903; the McDowell County Courthouse, which was constructed in 1928; the Public Library (1937), which was originally built as a post office; and the Marion Community Building, built in 1937. Projects are currently underway to revitalize the downtown area as well as to maintain and restore the character of the long-standing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Alpine Institute was a Presbyterian mission school located in Overton County, Tennessee, United States. Operating in one form or another from 1821 until 1947, the school provided badly needed educational services to children living in the remote hill country of the Upper Cumberland region. In 2002, several of the school&#39;s surviving structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>John Dillard (1793&ndash;1884), a minister affiliated with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church of Southern Appalachia, established the Alpine School atop Alpine Mountain in 1821 and expanded the school in the 1840s. The school was burned by bushwhackers during the Civil War and again by the Ku Klux Klan in the years after the war. The school was re-established in 1880 at its current location at the base of Alpine Mountain, and under the leadership of future Tennessee governor A. H. Roberts continued to thrive into the following decade. In 1917, the better-funded Presbyterian Church (USA) assumed control of the school and helped it develop into one of the state&#39;s most competitive rural schools.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Alpine Institute was located along Highway 52 (Jamestown Highway) in the Alpine community, just over 10 mi east of Livingston. This community is situated in a valley carved by Nettlecarrier Creek (which empties into the Obey River just east of Alpine), and is surrounded by high ridges on all sides, most notably the 1,826 ft Alpine Mountain, which rises prominently to the south. A one-lane road, Campus Circle, accesses the church and adjacent buildings. The farm once operated by the school is accessible from Mountain Lane (which intersects Campus Circle near the church) and Pat Carr Lane.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>John Dillard, a minister from Virginia who helped establish the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in 1810, is generally credited with the founding of "Alpine Academy" in 1821, while others suggest both men founded schools that were later merged. In any case, Dillard and Organ were working together by the 1840s, and had managed to build a relatively sizeable campus atop Alpine Mountain. The schools faculty during this period included Dillards son, William, and future Illinois governor John Beveridge.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, law and order almost completely disappeared in the Upper Cumberland region, and the Alpine school was destroyed by bushwhackers. The school attempted to rebuild after the end of the war, but these efforts were thwarted when the Ku Klux Klan burned what remained of the school&#39;s campus. By 1866, Dillard had left the state, and efforts to re-establish the Alpine school were temporarily abandoned.</p><br>
<h3>The Davis and Roberts years (1880s and 1890s)</h3><br>
<p>In 1880, Alpine Academy was re-established at its current location in the Alpine community at the base of Alpine Mountain. The school initially had five faculty who pursued "no stereotyped or threadbare system of instruction," and the school&#39;s first catalog listed an enrollment of 94 males and 48 females. Led by its able principal, W. T. Davis, the school continued to grow throughout the decade.</p><br>
<p>In 1891, Alpine native Albert H. Roberts (1868&ndash;1946)&mdash; who would later serve as governor of Tennessee&mdash; took over as the school&#39;s principal, and renamed the school "Alpine Institute." By this time, the school had six faculty members, of which three had college degrees. The school offered instruction in "primary," "intermediate," and "collegiate" courses. The intermediate curriculum included courses in geography, history, geology, and algebra. The collegiate curriculum included courses in geometry, trigonometry, botany, chemistry, and classical studies, namely Latin and Greek.</p><br>
<h3>Presbyterian Church, USA (1917&ndash;1947)</h3><br>
<p>After Roberts departure, the Alpine Institute dropped its collegiate curriculum, and by the 1900s (decade) had devolved into an ordinary school. In 1913, the Presbyterian Church USAs National Missions superintendent for Middle Tennessee toured the Upper Cumberland, and noted that the Alpine school was meeting only three months out of the year. A subsequent survey found the regions rural areas to badly in need of basic educational facilities, and in 1917 the churchs Board of Missions agreed to re-establish the Alpine Institute. The school&#39;s first class graduated in 1924.</p><br>
<p>A teacherage was built shortly after the school opened, and a larger school building, known as "Miller Hall," was completed in 1922. By the 1930s, the school had its own dispensary with a full-time nurse, a woodshop building, a manse, and two dormitories. The school&#39;s Christ Church Presbyterian, a Gothic Revival-style church, was completed in 1934. A gymnasium was built in 1939 with help from the Works Progress Administration. The school also operated a 100 acre dairy farm where students could work rather than pay tuition.</p><br>
<p>As Tennessees roads improved in the 1930s, rural schools began to consolidate. Overton Countys public school system took over the operations of Alpines grade school in 1936. This grade school was merged with several other schools to form A. H. Roberts Elementary School in Livingston in 1987. Alpine Institutes high school was closed in 1947, and its students were transferred to Livingston Academy.</p><br>
<h2>The Alpine Institute campus today</h2><br>
<p>While Alpine Institutes main school building no longer stands, several important structures associated with the school have survived. The Christ Church Presbyterian is well-maintained and still used for religious services. The schools gymnasium is now used as a community center, and the manse is still in use as a residence. Other surviving structures include the shop building and a dairy barn. The gymnasium, church, and shop building were all built using the same type of native stone.</p><br>
<p>The Tiller Ranger Station is a United States Forest Service compound consisting of twenty-seven buildings in Oregon’s Umpqua National Forest. Over the years, it has been the administrative headquarters for five ranger districts. It is located in the small unincorporated community of Tiller, Oregon, United States. The historic structures were built in the rustic style by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1935 and 1942. Today, the ranger station is the headquarters for the Tiller Ranger District, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the forest road networks were not well developed. To facilitate work in National Forests, the Forest Service built district ranger stations at strategic locations within the forest to house full-time employees and provide logistics support to fire patrols and project crews working in remote areas of the forest. After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most forest areas within a few hours. As a result, many of the more isolated ranger stations were closed or converted to summer guard stations. However, the Tiller Ranger Station has continuously served as a district headquarters since it was established. Over the years, five ranger districts have used the Tiller Ranger Station as their administrative headquarters.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, the Umpqua National Forest was created in southern Oregon. The Summit Ranger District was established in 1913 as an administrative subdivision of the Umpqua National Forest. However, the district was not staffed with a ranger until 1918. The Summit district was responsible for the south bank of the South Umpqua River extending east to the Rogue-Umpqua divide in the Rattlesnake Mountain area. The Deadman Ranger District was also created in 1913 and staffed in 1918. It covered the north side of the South Umpqua River drainage. Both districts had their administrative headquarters at the Tiller Ranger Station.</p><br>
<p>The South Umpqua Ranger District was established in 1916. Its district headquarters was also located at Tiller Ranger Station. In 1920, the Summit and Deadman ranger districts were merged into the South Umpqua district.</p><br>
<p>The Cow Creek Ranger District was created in 1946 from a division of the large South Umpqua Ranger District. Two years later, the two ranger districts were recombined into a single South Umpqua district. In 1954, the South Umpqua district was again divided into a new Cow Creek district and a smaller South Umpqua district; however, the two districts had different boundaries than the earlier division. The South Umpqua district retained authority over the upper South Umpqua River drainage while the Cow Creek district administered the Cow Creek, Elk Creek, and Beaver Creek watersheds. Both districts maintained district offices at Tiller Ranger Station.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the Cow Creek Ranger District was reduced in size when a large portion of the Oregon and California Railroad lands were administratively transferred to the Bureau of Land Management. The Cow Creek district was renamed the Tiller Ranger District in 1964. In 1968, the South Umpqua Ranger District was consolidated with the Tiller Ranger District. The new district kept the Tiller name because the administrative headquarters was still located at the Tiller Ranger Station.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Tiller Ranger District covers 325,106 acre on the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains in southern Oregon. The Tiller Ranger Station still serves as the administrative headquarters for the district. 27 buildings make up the ranger station complex, nine of which are historically important. All the historic buildings except the barn are located in close proximity to one another, with the non-historic structures on the periphery of the compound. The historic buildings are all in excellent condition and are still used by Forest Service employees. Because the Tiller Ranger Station is of unique historic value as an early Forest Service ranger station, the compound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 6 March 1991. The historic district covers approximately 12 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The four ranger residences are all of unique design. All of the residences were built in the late 1930s. The largest (Residence #1058) was built in 1936. It is a T-shaped, one-and-one-half-story wood-frame building on a concrete foundation. It has a high gabled roof with intersecting cross-gabled hip extensions above the main entry. Three stone steps lead to a flagstone porch in front of the main entrance. The front porch is supported by square posts. There is a stone masonry chimney on the east side of the building. The building&#39;s exterior is covered with wood shingles except the gable ends and gablets which have vertical board siding. Like the other three residences, the building has six-over-six double-hung sash windows flanked by decorative shutters with pine tree logo cut-outs. Adjacent to the residence is a hip roof garage with the shingle siding. There is a pine tree cut-out on the main vehicle entry door.</p><br>
<p>The other three residences are all one-story structures. One is a T-shaped design while the remaining two have rectangular footprints. All three are wood-frame structures on concrete foundations. They all have shingles exteriors, flagstone porches, stone masonry chimneys, and gabled roofs. However, each has a different floor plan and exterior look. There is a second garage located next to the T-shaped residence.</p><br>
<p>The Civilian Conservation Corps also built three non-residential structures at the Tiller Ranger Station. The warehouse is a one-and-one-half-story rectangular building with a large drive-in storage area at one end and an interior storage area at the other end. It is a wood-frame structure with horizontal wood siding. The automotive shop is also a one-and-one-half-story rectangular building. It is a wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation with vertical board siding. The shop has three large vehicle bays with pull-down doors and an adjoining storage and work area.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Tiller Ranger Station is in southeastern Douglas County, Oregon surrounded by the Umpqua National Forest. The elevation at the site is 1,043 ft above sea level. The forest around the ranger station is made up of Douglas fir, hemlock, and Western red cedar.</p><br>
<p>The Tiller Ranger Station is 17 mi east of Canyonville, Oregon in the small unincorporated community of Tiller, Oregon. The ranger station is on the south bank of the South Umpqua River, just off Oregon Route 227. The Forest Service district office and all of the historic buildings are on the north side of the highway.</p><br>
<p>The Warrenton Woolen Mill is a historic textile mill at 839 Main Street in Torrington, Connecticut. Founded in 1844, the mill was a major part of the local economy until its closure in 1984. Its surviving complex, dating to the early 20th century, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It has since been renovated into housing, as the Warrenton Mill Condominiums.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Warrenton Woolen Mill Complex is located north of downtown Torrington, on the west bank of the East Branch Naugatuck River. It is accessed from Main Street, which parallels the river on the east bank, via a drive that crosses the river. The mill consists of two large brick buildings, one two stories in height and the other three, connected by other structures. The site includes eight buildings in all, most of which date to the early 20th century. The two main mill buildings, each more than 250 ft in length, are set parallel to each other in a north-south orientation, and exhibit modest commercial Italianate style. A large portion of the weaving shed is topped by a saw-tooth roof.</p><br>
<p>The mill site was first used for textile production in 1844, and its investors included members of the prominent Wolcott family. This complex was built in 1908 to designs by prolific mill designer Charles T. Main, and are his only known work in the state. The complex was used for textile production until 1984. From the late 19th century the firm specialized in the manufacture of heavy fabrics for the uniforms of police and military organizations.</p><br>
<p>Villa Friuli, also known as the DeMichiel House, is a historic house at 58 High Street in Torrington, Connecticut. Built in 1915, it is a distinctive local example of Mediterranean Revival architecture, which was built and occupied by the first Italian families to move to Torringtion. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Villa Friuli is located northwest of downtown Torrington, on the west side of High Street at its junction with Central Avenue. It is a -story masonry structure, built out of terra cotta tile covered in stucco, and topped by a low-pitch hip roof. The roof is pierced by hip-roof dormers, and has extended eaves supported by paired large Stick style brackets. The facade is a symmetrical four bays wide, with a projecting single-story porch sheltering the center two bays. The outer first-floor bays have three-part windows set in segmented-arch openings, while the upper-level windows are sash, in pairs in the center bays and singly in the outer ones.</p><br>
<p>The house was built as a duplex in 1915 by John and Matthew DeMichiel, brothers who were among the first group of Italians to settle in Torrington. The house was designed by Ferruccio (Fred) Guarda, a draftsman working in an architectural firm in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The DeMichiels established a contracting business, primarily in the cutting of stone, and their handiwork is evidenced in the house&#39;s interior. The brothers first major job was providing pillars for Torrington City Hall. John DeMichiel also became active in politics, representing Torrington in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland Court Apartments 620–638 is a historic apartment building in the Cleveland Court Apartment Complex in Montgomery, Alabama. It is significant to the history of the modern Civil Rights Movement in the United States. Unit 634 was home to civil rights activist Rosa Parks, her husband Raymond, and her mother, Leona McCauley, during the Montgomery bus boycott from 1955 to 1956. The building was placed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on March 30, 1989, and the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Cottage Hill Historic District is a 42 acre historic district in Montgomery, Alabama. It is roughly bounded by Goldthwaite, Maxwell, Holt, and Clayton streets and contains 116 contributing buildings, the majority of them in the Queen Anne style. The district was placed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on April 16, 1975, and the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Opera House is a 2 and 1/2 story structure near the western end of the main downtown shopping district of Maysville, Kentucky. The sides and rear of the theater are of red brick while the façade is of buff brick trimmed with red brick, stone, and cast iron.</p><br>
<p>The tradition of theater in Mason County dates back to at least 1797 according to the Washington, Kentucky newspaper, The Mirror. The performance at the "Court House" is the first record of a stage performance west of the Alleghenies to disclose play titles, performance dates and prices. By 1817, there was a theater in Limestone (Maysville) at the corner of 2nd Street and Fish Street (now Wall Street).</p><br>
<p>A disastrous fire destroyed a significant amount of property on West Second Street in April 1850 including the Presbyterian Church, then known as the Old Blue Church. The church congregation decided to rebuild on Third Street, leaving the Second Street lot vacant. In 1851, two fire companies were formed to prevent a repeat of the town fire and an elegant theater, "The Opera House", was built on the site of the Old Blue Church.</p><br>
<p>In 1898, fire struck again and "The Opera House" was destroyed. Perhaps from remorse, the Washington Fire Company, organized at the time the theater was built - nearly five decades before, decided to rebuild it at a cost of $24,000 and the new structure was thereafter known as the "Washington Opera House".</p><br>
<p>A number of famous artists and actors performed here including Marguerite Clark, Tom Mix, John L. Sullivan, and John Philip Sousa and his band. The Washington Opera continues as a theater and is currently home to the Maysville Players.</p><br>
<p>St. Anthonys Catholic Church is a parish church in the Diocese of Davenport. The parish complex is located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States, at the corner of Fourth and Main Streets. It is the first church congregation organized in the city of Davenport and the second Catholic congregation, after St. Raphaels in Dubuque, in the state of Iowa. The parish buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Anthonys Roman Catholic Church Complex in 1984. The designation includes the church and the former school building, which is the parishs original church building and the oldest standing church building in Iowa. The designation also included the rectory, which was partially torn down in 2009. The complex was also listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1992 as St. Anthony&#39;s Church Square. The property has been known historically as Church Square. In 2020 the parish buildings, except for the parish center, were included as contributing properties in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District. Because of its recent construction date, the parish center is excluded as a contributing property.</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>In 1832, on what is now the city of Davenport, Chief Keokuk of the Sauk tribe signed a treaty with the United States government after the tribes defeat in the Black Hawk War. The tribe ceded land on the west side of the Mississippi River, which was then opened to settlement. Antoine LeClaire, who was French-Pottawattamie and served as the translator at the treaty signing, received two parcels of land. The original section of the city was laid out in 1836. The next year an addition was made to the small town on one of LeClaires parcels. He stipulated that a Catholic church be built on one of the squares. That same year a frontier missionary, the Rev. Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, OP, arrived in Davenport and started the parish. At that time there were 25 Catholics in a town of 100 people. It is the oldest church congregation in Davenport.</p><br>
<p>Mazzuchelli drew up plans for a simple two-story structure that would serve as a church and priests residence. He actually gave the parish two patron saints. St. Peter is the parishs primary patron, and St. Anthony of Padua is its secondary patron. However, the parish has always been known as St. Anthonys, the patron saint of its benefactor Antoine LeClaire. Ground was broken for the new church on April 27, 1838, and it was built by pioneer settlers Adam Noel, John Noel and Joseph Noel with assistance from Harvey Leonard for $2,000. The first bricks manufactured in the city of Davenport were used to build the church. Bishop Mathias Loras of Dubuque dedicated the new structure on May 23, 1839. The building served many purposes for the small community. It was a church, city hall, courthouse, schoolhouse, public forum, and gathering place for the citizens of the town. The churchs bell called parishioners to Mass, children to school, sounded the alarm for a fire, as well as summoning the city&#39;s aldermen for their sessions.</p><br>
<p>The title to the property, named Church Square, was deeded to Bishop Loras in 1839 to support the Catholic Church in Davenport. Commercial properties were built on the east side of the block. Income from these properties was a factor in Davenport being named a see city with its own bishop in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The church had a small choir which included Antoine LeClaire and Judge C.G.R. Mitchell, who would provide the land for the citys first Catholic cemetery and two of the churches in the citys west end. There was, however, no organ. Instead, music was led by a small ensemble made up of a violin, clarinet, flute, and cello.</p><br>
<p>The parish&#39;s first pastor was a French missionary priest recruited by Bishop Loras, the Rev. J.A.M. Pelamourgues, who arrived in Davenport in September 1839. He served the parish until 1868 when he remained in his native France while he was visiting there. Initially, Father Pelamourgues resided in a partitioned section of the gallery of the church. He was also responsible for more than the small parish in Davenport. He traveled to other Catholic communities in the region: Muscatine, Iowa City, Burlington, Columbus Junction, DeWitt and Lyons (the north side of present-day Clinton). Bishop Loras was also interested in evangelizing the Native Americans in his jurisdiction and he placed Father Pelamourgues in charge of the Sauk and Fox tribes in southeastern Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>St. Anthonys School opened in 1839 with Father Pelamourgues as its teacher. Initially, classes were taught in the body of the church with a curtain closing off the sanctuary. The most prominent pupil to be educated at St. Anthonys in its early years was John Forrest Dillon, who would go on to become the Chief Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court and a United States circuit court judge.</p><br>
<p>In 1844 Father Pelamourgues convinced the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary to teach in the school and to start a school for girls. The parish school at St. Anthonys continued until it closed in 1968 because of low enrollment. The building continues to be used for the parishs religious education program.</p><br>
<h2>Growth</h2><br>
<p>The parish continued to grow. By 1847 there were 450 parishioners, which was still a quarter of the town&#39;s population. The building, completed in 1853 in the simple Greek Revival style, was built of locally quarried stone and measured 94 by. The original building was remodeled for more classroom space at this time. The rectory was built around 1877.</p><br>
<p>New parishes were beginning to form in Davenport that took parishioners from St. Anthonys. St. Kunigunda (1855), which was renamed St. Joseph in 1881, served the pastoral needs of the growing German Community. St. Margarets (1856) was built on top of the bluff to the east of downtown. St. Margarets became Davenports first cathedral in 1881 with the establishment of the Davenport Diocese. St. Anthonys was not chosen to be the cathedral because its downtown location was considered inappropriate. St. Margarets was renamed Sacred Heart when the present cathedral was built in 1891. St. Mary&#39;s Church was started in 1867 to serve the English speaking Catholics of the west end.</p><br>
<p>Even though these new parishes were being formed, St. Anthony&#39;s continued to grow. Father Pelamourgues was succeeded by several priests who stayed for short periods of time until the Rev. D.J. Flannery arrived in 1882 and remained pastor until 1916. It was during his pastorate that transept wings with balconies were added to the church from 1885 to 1886 and the sanctuary was extended 18 ft. A larger sacristy was also added to the church. The addition was built of brick.</p><br>
<h2>20th Century</h2><br>
<p>By the turn of the 20th century St. Anthonys became the only church downtown. By the end of the first decade the parishs boundaries had become fixed to the central city with the founding of two parishes on top of the hill: Holy Family (1898) in the northwest part of the city and St. Paul the Apostle (1909) on the east side.</p><br>
<p>The grotto to the Blessed Virgin Mary on the north side of the church was added in the 1920s. It was rebuilt in 1998 and the current statue was placed in it in 1999.</p><br>
<p>A major renovation was carried out in 1945 and 1948 when a manufactured stone facing, or permastone, was put on the 1886 addition to the church, the school (original church), and the rectory. This gave the parish complex a unified appearance. The sacristy was also expanded along the south transept. The north wing was also added to the school building. This was the last addition made to the original building. There was also an addition made to the rectory to create more living space for the resident clergy.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s changes were made to facilitate the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council. While the communion rail was removed and a new free-standing altar was created so the priest could face the congregation, the old altars, frescos and statuary remain in the church.</p><br>
<p>One of the more colorful chapters in the parish&#39;s history was the Folk Masses of the 1970s. Rev. James Grubb, the associate pastor, inspired the masses that included contemporary music played on guitars, colorful vestments, and young people sitting on the floor of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 the parish celebrated its sesquicentennial. To commemorate the occasion, a sculpture was commissioned and placed on the front of the church property facing Main Street. It depicts Father Mazzuchelli, a Sister of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a child representing the children who attended the parish school, Col. George Davenport (for whom the city of Davenport was named) and Antoine LeClaire. The statue group stands atop a pedestal that encloses the church&#39;s original bell.</p><br>
<h2>21st Century</h2><br>
<p>In 2009, most of the rectory was torn down to make room for a new parish center. Called the Gathering Center, the new facility is a 7,200 ft&sup2; building that includes classrooms with moveable walls for religious education classes, church offices, a kitchen and a renovated “McAnthony’s Window,” a parish-based outreach program. A social hall that holds up to 300 people is also a part of the new facility. The new building and its landscaping are meant to blend into the historic Church Square property. The original church building was also renovated.</p><br>
<p>In 2017 a new pipe organ was built by the Noack Organ Company of Georgetown, Massachusetts and installed in the church. It is the fourth organ the parish has owned since the church was built. The previous instrument dated from the 1940s.</p><br>
<h2>Social Action</h2><br>
<p>The parish has been involved in the social and civic life of the Davenport community almost from its very beginning. The Davenport Temperance Society, which was formed in 1842, held their weekly meetings at St. Anthonys. The church was the scene of public lectures including an 1857 series delivered to the Catholic Literary Institute. St. Mary’s Council of the Knights of Father Matthew, a fraternal beneficiary organization, met in the school hall in the early 1900s. During the same time period, the local Knights of Columbus council, the second to organize in the state, held special Masses at St. Anthonys. Both church leaders and parishioners protested city policies that taxed prostitution, gambling, and 24-hour saloons in the city. While these taxes benefited city coffers it was ultimately to the communitys detriment. Civic justice issues, especially racial injustice, became prominent after World War II. St. Ambrose College professors embraced Catholic social action in the 1940s, establishing what is thought to be the first NAACP chapter on a Catholic college campus. They also established a League for Social Justice, which became the Catholic Interracial Council in 1957. This led to St. Anthonys being the starting point for the "March on Davenport." Held in August 1963, about 2,000 participants marched to LeClaire Park to support the Iowa Fair Housing Act. In 1985 the parish began its "Care and Share" program under the direction of its pastor, the Rev. Kenneth Martin. Ten percent of the parishs weekly collection was set aside to aid those in need. His successor, the Rev. James Conroy began what has been dubbed “McAnthonys Window,” a program that serves lunch to the homeless and indigent people. Another food distribution program collects food for baskets that are distributed to the elderly and poor at Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Easter.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Anthony&#39;s Church follows a Latin Cross plan. The exterior of the front part of the church, which is the oldest section, is composed of quarry-faced, coursed, ashlar limestone. It reflects a period when highly skilled stonemasons and finely worked materials were not readily available in Davenport. The structure features a gable front, deep eave returns and a modillion frieze. Crosses are located at the peaks of the three gable ends. The rear of the church has a hip roof. The interior plan features a larger central nave that is flanked by side aisles. The apse, which appears rounded on the interior, is squared on the exterior. As mentioned earlier, the back addition to the church is covered in permastone. The round arch is used throughout the church. It is found in the stained glass windows, the vault of the ceiling, and on the reredos in the apse. It is also found on the main entrance into the church, which is capped with a fan-shaped tympanum. The stained glass is original to each section of the building when it was built. The ceiling features paintings over the center aisle. From the front entrance to the altar they depict Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead (or possibly raising the daughter of Naim), the Assumption of Mary into Heaven, and Jesus healing the sick. In the middle of the transept over the altar are symbols that represent the Four Evangelists. The statues in the reredos include the Sacred Heart in the center and it is flanked by Saint Patrick and Saint John the Evangelist. A bas-relief of the Last Supper is on the former altar frontal. There are also numerous other statues throughout the church. The church is set back from the street and is located in a park-like setting with mature vegetation.</p><br>
<p>The former school building, which is also the original church, is a two-story, side gable building with a projecting entrance pavilion. It was originally a frame structure with a brick veneer exterior that has since been covered with permastone. Initially, it was rectangular in shape, but additions have created a cross-shaped plan. A round arch in the entrance gable end is its prominent decorative feature. There is also a cross above the entrance pavilion.</p><br>
<p>The rectory, most of which is no longer extant, was also a frame structure with brick veneer that was covered with permastone. Designed in a vernacular style, it was a two-story, three bay front-gable house with a two-story side wing and further additions. A portion of one of those additions that included the garages remains behind the Gathering Center.</p><br>
<p>Old Ship African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church is a historic African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in Montgomery, Alabama. It is the oldest African American church congregation in the city, established in 1852. The current Classical Revival-style building was designed by Jim Alexander and was completed in 1918. It is the fourth building the congregation has erected at this location. Scenes from the 1982 television movie Sister, Sister were shot at the church. It was placed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on March 3, 1976, and the National Register of Historic Places on January 24, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The T. A. Moulton Barn is a historic barn within the Mormon Row Historic District in Teton County, Wyoming, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The barn is all that remains of the homestead built by Thomas Alma Moulton and his sons between about 1912 and 1945. It sits west of the road known as Mormon Row, in an area called Antelope Flats, between the towns of Kelly and Moose. Now lying within Grand Teton National Park, it is near the homestead of Andy Chambers. The property with the barn was one of the last parcels sold to the National Park Service by the Moulton family. Often photographed, the barn with the Teton Range in the background has become a symbol of Jackson Hole, Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Pakatakan Artists Colony Historic District is a national historic district located at Arkville in Delaware County, New York. The district contains 33 contributing buildings and two contributing structures built between 1886 and the 1960s. It consists of a small mountainside collection of studios and residences clustered about the original Pakatakan Lodge. It is an extremely well preserved collection of unusual Shingle Style and other wood frame seasonal buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name "Pakatakan" is the name of the mountain near the colony. It is believed to mean "meeting of the waters" from the Tuscarora peoples. Arkville was one of the earliest settlements in the area, originating at the beginning of the 19th century. The 1870s were the beginning of tourism in the Catskills and hotels were built along the Ulster and Delaware railroad.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, the first structure of the Pakatakan Artists Colony was built, the Hoffman House. The Hoffman House was initiated through John Francis Murphy&#39;s persuasion of local businessman Peter F. Hoffman to build a hotel to cater to artists. The artists who came to the Hoffman House included Alexander Helwig Wyant, George Smillie, Parker Mann (1852–1918) and Edward Loyal Field (1856–1914). These artists were associated with the Catskill Mountain School of landscape artists whose distinct style was distinct from their predecessor, Hudson River School.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original buildings were built between 1886 and 1930 and are primarily shingled or novelty styled with simile design and limited ornamentation. Common features include shingled sides, steeply pitched roofs, overhanging unboxed eaves, and brick fireplaces. They are incorporated harmoniously on the landscape. The studio buildings largely have large, multi-pane windows to provide views of the landscape and the interior space primarily devoted to a large, high-ceiling room.</p><br>
<p>Delaware County Courthouse Square District is a national historic district located at Delhi in Delaware County, New York. The district contains 18 contributing buildings and one contributing structure. It consists of a distinctive and unspoiled grouping of 19th century governmental, commercial, and religious structures built around the village green. It includes the county courthouse and clerk&#39;s office, the local New York State DMV, several county department offices, and a bandstand. It also includes the buildings surrounding the green. The -story brick courthouse building was designed by Isaac G. Perry and features a mansard roof. Also within the district are the Presbyterian church  and Bank building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Franklin in Delaware County, New York. The district contains 242 contributing buildings, four contributing sites, and one contributing object. The majority of the buildings are residential, with three churches, 12 commercial buildings, one industrial structure, five institutional and/or public buildings, four historic cemeteries, and one monument. One of the churches is a board and batten structure reportedly designed by Richard Upjohn and his son Richard M. Upjohn in 1865. Located within the district is the separately listed New Stone Hall.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The First Colored Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee, also known as First Baptist Church—Lauderdale, was built in 1939 in a vernacular Colonial Revival style, with design attributed to Rev. Thomas O. Fuller.</p><br>
<p>It is a rectangular brick building with brick laid in common bond. It has a limestone fence separating its parking area from the street, which is a c.1890 fence from the former Second Empire-styled Sanford house on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It was deemed significant for its association with Thomas Oscar Fuller (1867-).</p><br>
<p>Main Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Roxbury in Delaware County, New York. The district contains 86 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, three contributing structures, and one contributing object. The southern end of the district is dominated by the Gothic Revival style Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church , the Roxbury Central School , and the Kirkside estate. Located nearby is a Greek Revival style Methodist church erected in 1858. Financier Jay Gould was raised nearby and in the 1890s began an interest in the development of Roxbury.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Hampton Hall in Franklin, Kentucky is a farm with an Early Classical Revival mansion built in 1838. It has a two-story portico with four fluted Doric columns at its front entry. An earlier log cabin is attached to the two-story house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The listing includes six contributing buildings, one additional contributing structure, and one contributing site, over a 196 acre area.</p><br>
<p>The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State of Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house went through various owners after the Brittan family, and was eventually acquired by Old Alabama Town in 1994. Old Alabama Town is a partnership of the Landmarks Foundation of Montgomery and City of Montgomery. It was founded in 1967. Many of its more than fifty authentically restored 19th and early 20th century structures from around the state are clustered together into a village-like grouping that operates as a living history museum. They have restored the Patrick Henry Brittan House, and, unlike many of Old Alabama Town&#39;s rescued properties, it remains on its original site.</p><br>
<p>The Hampton Inn, also known as The Maples Inn, is a historic former hotel property at 179 Oenoke Ridge in New Canaan, Connecticut. It is a three-story wood frame Colonial Revival structure, built in 1908 as a vacation boarding house. It is the only surviving building of its type in New Canaan. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Hampton Inn stands north of the village center of New Canaan, on the east side of Oenoke Ridge opposite the First Presbyterian Church. It is a large roughly rectangular frame structure, whose basic plan includes slightly projecting front-facing gables at both ends of the front facade. A single-story porch wraps around the smaller left gable, its hip roof supported by square posts. The property includes a c. 1890s innkeeper&#39;s residence and a more modern 1940s structure housing a garage and apartments.</p><br>
<p>The inn was built in 1908, capitalizing on a trend begun as early as 1869 to cater to a growing summer vacation trade in the town. Early summer vacationers were boarded in private residences, with the adjacent William Bond House (now the Roger Sherman Inn) being one of the first to be fully converted for use as a boarding house. The Hampton Inn was built for, and operated by, Mrs. W.H. Thompson. Guests during its heyday included actress Lillian Gish and the wife of Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek. Business declined in the post-World War II period, but the inn remained open, undergoing a major rehabilitation in the 1980s. The building now no longer serves as an inn.</p><br>
<p>Ulster and Delaware Railroad Depot and Mill Complex is a historic railroad depot and national historic district located at Roxbury in Delaware County, New York. The district contains five contributing buildings and one contributing structure. It was developed between about 1876 and 1946 and includes the Ulster and Delaware Railroad Depot, Robinson and Preston Steam Flour and Feed Mill, Slawson-Decker-Sheffield Co Creamery, Ulster and Delaware Railroad Ice House, and George M. Orr Blacksmith Shop.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Ulster & Delaware Railroad Historical Society operates the Roxbury Depot Museum in the railroad station.</p><br>
<p>The Douglass House is a historic house at the corner of Front and Montgomery Streets in the Mill Hill neighborhood of the city Trenton in Mercer County, New Jersey. It served as George Washington&#39;s headquarters prior to the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. Listed as the Bright–Douglass House, it was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1936, when the house was located in Mahlon Stacy Park near the Delaware River. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1970, for its significance in architecture, military and social history. It was added as a contributing property to the Mill Hill Historic District on December 12, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Originally located on South Broad Street, the oldest section of the house dates to. It was built by Jacob Bright, who sold it to Alexander Douglass, a quartermaster in the Continental Army, in 1769. As of 2017, the house was undergoing extensive renovation.</p><br>
<p>Ravina is a national historic district located at Lordville, a hamlet in the Town of Hancock in Delaware County, New York. The district contains six contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures. It encompasses a small rural estate consisting of the main house, guest bungalow, garage, caretakers&#39; dwelling, wood shed, and distinctive landscape features. The main residence is a three-by-three-bay, 2-story wood-frame building listed in the Sears catalog of prefabricated houses as "Shadow Lawn." It and the bungalow were built in 1926–1927.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Burns Family Farm is a historic farm and national historic district located at Bovina in Delaware County, New York. The district contains seven contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structures. It includes the Burns family farmhouse dating to 1833, -story frame stable , three-level dairy barn , a gable-roofed frame schoolhouse , and smaller outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Cassimus House , is a historic Queen Anne style house at 110 North Jackson Street in Montgomery, Alabama. The two-story frame house was completed in 1893. It is the last residential structure remaining in its city block. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cassimus House is one of the earliest landmarks associated with the Greek community of Alabama. Speridon Cassimus (Σπυρίδων Κασσίμης) from Othonoi, Greece built his home at 110 Jackson Street in 1893.</p><br>
<p>Speridon Cassimus came to the United States on December 28, 1888. Funds for his trip were provided by money saved by his father and brother, both named Alexander M. Cassimus. Alexander and his oldest son had arrived in Mobile, Alabama on October 23, 1873, where they had opened a fruit store. They moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where they lived until 1878 when they moved to Montgomery.</p><br>
<p>The older Cassimus, who resided with his son, Speridon, after the completion of the house in 1893, was the first Greek immigrant to settle in Montgomery where he was known as the "father of the Greek community" and was one of the first Greek immigrants in the state. Cassimus House is possibly the oldest remaining landmark associated with the early history of the Greeks in Alabama.Historic Structures</p><br>
<p>›...</p><br>
<p>Cassimus House, Montgomery Alabama</p><br>
<p>Sherwood Family Estate is a historic farm and national historic district located at Delhi in Delaware County, New York. The district contains four contributing buildings and one contributing site. It was developed over the period 1801 to about 1925 and is composed of six estate buildings, a designed landscape, and an agricultural landscape. Buildings include the residence, ice house, garage, laundry, and spring house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Hanford Mills Museum, also known as Kelso Mill, is a historic grist mill and sawmill and national historic district located at East Meredith, New York in Delaware County, New York. The district contains nine contributing buildings and three contributing structures. The complex includes both natural and structural facilities. It includes a mill race from Kortright Creek to the damned up Mill Pond which supplies the waterwheel, a spillway for the pond&#39;s overflow, a section of old  New York Central Railroad track, two railroad bridges crossing Kortright Creek, and a variety of buildings. The main structure is a mill building dating to the 1820s with additions from the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s. The four story wood-frame structure is approximately 150 feet long and 120 feet high. Also on the property is a one-story depot building with grain elevator and storage facilities. It is now operated as a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Hansen House in Racine, Wisconsin is a Greek Revival style house probably built between 1854 and 1856 by carpenter Thomas Fuller. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed "the best example in Racine of a significant common type of Greek Revival house — the two-story pavilion with gable end facing the street and a onestory wing with porch. This type was popular in western New York State and throughout the Midwest."</p><br>
<p>The former District School No. 14 building is located on Academy Street in Pine Hill, New York, United States. It is a concrete-sided frame building erected in the mid-1920s.</p><br>
<p>It replaced an 1880s school on the site that had burned down. Architecturally it combines the Colonial Revival and American Craftsman styles, both popular at the time it was built. Its interior layout also reflects changes in school building standards issued by New York&#39;s Education Department in 1910 that ended the one-room schoolhouse era in rural areas such as that section of the Catskills.</p><br>
<p>Classes were held there until 1960, when all the small local school districts in that area of western Ulster County were centralized. Afterwards it went through a variety of commercial reuses. Later it was transferred to the Town of Shandaken, which has converted it into the local historical museum known as the Town of Shandaken Historical Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Pine Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The school is located on the east side of Academy Street a short distance south of state highway NY 28. The ground slopes down to the east. The neighborhood is mostly residential, with homes on lots with mature tree cover. A short distance to the southeast is the Morton Memorial Library and Elm Street Stone Arch Bridge, both also listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a five-by-three-bay two-story structure on a raised concrete foundation. It is faced in flat boards covered in stucco and wire lath. The peaked roof is covered in asphalt shingles and pierced by a small octagonal belfry.</p><br>
<p>On the west (front) facade is a full-width projection a single bay deep, with a gabled central entrance bay projecting from it. Its roof has broad eaves supported by knee brackets. The rear has a projecting entrance at ground level, where the slope exposes the entire basement.</p><br>
<p>The main entrances glazed double doors are framed in a Colonial Revival surround topped by a round-arched Palladian-style light. They open into an entrance vestibule with stairs leading to both the basement and upper story. The former, a gymnasium/auditorium, remains intact. In the latter, classroom walls have been removed to create an open space more in keeping with the buildings current use. Flooring throughout the interior is the original maple tongue and groove planking. The walls and 12-foot (4 m) ceilings also retain their original plaster on lath.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What was known at the time as the District 10 school had been on the Academy Street site since 1884, when a local resident, Richard Hill, deeded the land to the district for that purpose. That building was located on the southeast corner of the site, just east of the present building.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, it burned down. The community decided to rebuild on the site. The new school would be known as the District 14 school due to administrative changes to the area&#39;s districting.</p><br>
<p>A new building was authorized in 1924. Thomas Storey, a builder from nearby Arkville, was hired for the job. He finished it in May 1925, at a cost of $23,000 ($ in contemporary dollars), $3,000 over the amount originally budgeted and five months after his original expected date of completion. Classes were held in the building starting that September.</p><br>
<p>Its design combines two then-popular architectural styles. The hipped roof, belfry and entrance are hallmarks of the Colonial Revival style, while the brackets, exposed rafters, six-over-one sash windows and stucco finish are associated with the American Craftsman movement.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design was also affected by new standards the state put out in 1910 for school buildings. These led many rural communities to abandon traditional one-room schoolhouses in favor of slightly larger multi-purpose buildings with several rooms that could be used for different educational purposes. They were meant to use natural lighting as much as possible, hence the high ceilings. The exterior stucco finish and interior plaster also met a new state requirement that frame structures be enclosed in incombustible material, adopted in the wake of the 1908 Collinwood school fire near Cleveland, which killed 175, most of them students.</p><br>
<p>The school stayed in use until 1960, when the small rural districts in the area were consolidated into what is today the Onteora Central School District. Four years later, the district transferred it to the then-village of Pine Hill, which used it for a while as a youth center. Later it would be used privately, serving as a coat manufacturing center and furniture repair shop. For those purposes, the walls upstairs were removed.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, when Pine Hill&#39;s residents voted to dissolve the village, title reverted to the Town of Shandaken, which eventually allowed its historical society to move in and start the museum which continues in operation.</p><br>
<p>Hubbell Family Farm and Kellys Corners Cemetery is a historic farm complex, cemetery, and national historic district located at Kellys Corners, Delaware County, New York. The district contains 19 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and four contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Hubbell family farmhouses (1925 and 1894–1895), poultry house (1890s), chicken house (1920s), woodworking shop (1930s), Keene residence, blacksmith shop (1880s), playhouse (mid-1930s), garage (1900), wagon house, "Cornell approved" business outhouse (c. 1910), privy (ca. 1850s), laundry / wood house (ca. 1900), carriage house (ca. 1860–1870), Milow Hubbell residence (pre 1848), office / machine shop / hardware store (1884–2001), lumber and cement storage and scales (pre-1900), dairy barn (1858) with silo and milk house, root cellar and tool shed, saw mill / cider mill (1850s–1860s), former ice house (now sap house), and powder magazine. The cemetery includes about 150 burials that date back to 1875.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Thomson Family Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located at New Kingston in Delaware County, New York. The district contains two contributing buildings, five contributing sites, and two contributing structures. It includes the farmhouse dating to 1835-1840; dairy barn; horse barn, wood shop, and sheep barn foundations; granary site; and water power system.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Main Avenue Historic District in Durango, Colorado is a 34 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>According to its 1980 NRHP nomination, it was deemed significant "because it represents the essence and core of both the evolution and development of business and commerce in the most important town in southwestern Colorado."</p><br>
<p>In 1980 it included 104 buildings: 86 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area, 12 non-contributing but compatible modern buildings, and 6 negative intrusions. It was felt that "together these buildings still maintain the feelings, associations, and ambiance of a turn-of-the-century commercial district."</p><br>
<p>The nine buildings then deemed most important are:</p><br>
<p>(on the odd side)</p><br>
<p>Gold Slipper (1900), 645 Main, originally built as an Adolph Coors bottling plant</p><br>
<p>Strater Hotel (1887), 699 Main, an architecturally eclectic Victorian four-story building</p><br>
<p>Main Mall, 835 Main, a modern building designed compatibly which holds about 35 businesses, which replaced several buildings destroyed in a 1975 fire.</p><br>
<p>Newman Block (1897), at 801-813 Main Ave., which was separately listed on the NRHP in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Gardenswartz Building (1901), 871 Main</p><br>
<p>Central Hotel (1899), 975 Main</p><br>
<p>Main Street Furnishings (1889), 1015 Main</p><br>
<p>and on the even side</p><br>
<p>Burns Bank (1892), 900 Main</p><br>
<p>Old Post Office Building (1928), 1090-8 Main</p><br>
<p>Others include:</p><br>
<p>Palmer House hotel</p><br>
<p>First National Bank (1892), 901 Main Ave.</p><br>
<p>Woolworths (1859)</p><br>
<p>Strater Hotel.jpgStrater Hotel, in 2010</p><br>
<p>Blue Winter Skies Hug the Durango Skyline.JPG2014</p><br>
<p>Newman_Block.jpgNewman Block</p><br>
<p>Roberts Chapel, is a non-denominational church that was originally built in 1847 at Roberts Settlement, one of Indiana&#39;s early black pioneer communities. The rural church, whose main building dates from 1858, is located near the present-day town of Atlanta in rural Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana. The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Roberts Chapel originated as a Methodist congregation named Mount Pleasant, which was established in 1838 at Roberts Settlement in rural northwestern Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana. The rural farming community was named in reference to the large contingent of residents who had the surname of Roberts. Most of its settlers were free blacks and mixed-race people who migrated from Beech Settlement in Ripley Township, Rush County, Indiana. The majority of these early pioneers had migrated to Indiana from eastern North Carolina and Virginia due to more oppressive government acts against free blacks following Nat Turner&#39;s Rebellion in 1831. Some of them initially settled in Ohio, before continuing west. A small number of free blacks who resided in Beech Settlement had come with Quaker families from the Old South. Other early settlers were ex-slaves.</p><br>
<p>The settlements Methodist congregation built a log meetinghouse in 1847 on land donated by Elias and Mariah Roberts. Located in the center of the Roberts neighborhood, the meetinghouse served as the center of the communitys educational, social, and religious life. After briefly aligning with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the congregation joined the Wesleyan Methodist Connection in the late 1840s.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Settlement&#39;s population peaked in the late 1800s at nearly 400 individuals; however, by 1900 the neighborhood began to decline. Fewer than six families remained by the mid-1920s. As its membership declined, the congregation withdrew its affiliation with the Wesleyan Methodist Church and became a non-denominational congregation.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Settlement no longer exists as a self-contained community. The chapel and its adjacent cemetery are among the few significant structures that remain. Friends and the descendants of the families who once lived in the settlement have gathered at the chapel for annual reunions since 1925. The community also retains its family association to preserve the neighborhood&#39;s heritage. Roberts Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main portion of the chapel, which has a gable façade, was constructed in 1858; a three-story belfry was added in 1916. The cemetery located north of the church was laid out in 1831; the first burial occurred there in 1843.</p><br>
<p>The Stewart Indian School  was an American Indian boarding school southeast of Carson City, Nevada. Today, it is the Stewart Indian School Cultural Center and Museum.</p><br>
<p>The schools 110-acre campus still holds 65 original buildings. The buildings are noted for the masonry work of colored local stone used by student apprentices to build the vernacular-style buildings. The school, part of the Native American boarding schools project, was the only off-reservation boarding school in Nevada. Funding for the school was obtained by Nevadas first (of two) United States Senator (1865-1875), and former California Attorney General, of William M. Stewart (1827-1909), shortly after the federal Nevada Territory (1861-1864) was admitted to the federal Union as the 36th state in 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865), and it was named in his honor when it first opened on December 17, 1890. It has also been known as the Stewart Institute, Carson Industrial School, and Carson Indian School during its 90 years history.</p><br>
<p>Native American children from Nevada and later throughout the West were forced to attend the Stewart Institute up to secondary school age. The initial intent of the school was to eliminate Indian language and culture from the children, to provide them with trade skills, and to make them fully American. Students during the early years were harshly disciplined and acted as unpaid labor to maintain the institution. The school struggled and some superintendents only lasted less than a year. In 1919, Frederick Snyder was put in charge and he turned the floundering school into an architectural and horticultural showplace. The children were prohibited until about 1934 by the school&#39;s then assimilation policies from using or learning about their native language and culture.</p><br>
<p>After the landmark policy-changing federal legislation of the Indian Reorganization Act (a.k.a. Wheeler-Howard Act) of 1934, passed by the United States Congress during the new presidential administration of 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945, served 1933-1945), then under the new changing philosophy and policies under the Democratic Partys more liberal and progressive attitudes with FDRs "New Deal" programs, Alida Cynthia Bowler became Director of the Carson Indian School and Reservations. She defended the Indians interests against the federal governments and its Bureau of Indian Affairs ongoing occasional desire to usurp their ownership of land and supported retention of Indian culture among the students and their home tribes.</p><br>
<p>Finally almost a century later by 1980, the modern United States federal government under the presidential administration of Jimmy Carter (born 1924 - xxxx, served 1977-1981), with continuing major policy and cultural attitudes changing in majority white / caucasian European American society, the Carter administration cut funding nationwide for Indian boarding schools and closed the Stewart School of Carson City campus. During its 90 years of history, about 30,000 native American students are believed to have attended the school in Nevada.</p><br>
<h2>Trade skills and forced assimilation</h2><br>
<p>Senator William Morris Stewart sponsored the national legislation that funded the school, the only off-reservation boarding school for American Indian children in Nevada.</p><br>
<p>The school was ordered built by the state legislature and then sold to the federal government, the only federal Indian school built this way.</p><br>
<p>During the first 10 years, only children from the Nevada-based Washoe, Paiute, and Western Shoshone tribes attended the school. During the first two decades, the children could be punished for speaking their native language. Later on, children from over sixty tribal groups including Hopi, Apache, Pima, Mohave, Walapai, Ute, Pipage, Coropah and Tewa were forced to attend the school from three dozen reservations and 335 different hometowns across the West.</p><br>
<p>When the school opened, the campus included two dormitories, a barn, carpenters shop, harness and tool house, root shed, laundry, wood and coal shed, storehouse, girls and boys baths and a three-story 10,000-gallon water tower. It began with 37 students and was staffed by three teachers. The school depended on the unpaid labor of the students to keep it open. They worked many hard hours washing clothes, cooking, farming, and other manual labor necessary to keep the school operating. During the schools third year of operation, the student rebelled against the harsh working conditions. The staff were forced to negotiate with the parents which resulted in the students receiving grades for their work and being able to keep a portion of any money earned from their labor. By the 1930s, between 400 and 500 students attended the school.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Snyder was the twelfth school superintendent when he arrived, serving from 1919 to 1934. Several of his predecessors had lasted less than a year.</p><br>
<p>The students spent half the day learning academics, including how to read and write English. The remainder of the day was focused on unpaid labor. Boys performed woodworking, ranching and farming, painting, mechanics, and carpentry. Girls performed domestic skills in baking, cooking, sewing, laundry, and practical nursing. The children were forced to assimilate into mainstream American culture. The young Indians were instilled with Christian ideologies. Baptisms were performed in a pool on the school grounds, and a Catholic church was built alongside the school. Assimilation policies prohibited the students from speaking their native languages and practicing native customs, which both students and their parents strongly objected to. They were required to cut their hair, wear uniforms, and march to classes.</p><br>
<p>This continued until the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was passed, which increased Native American self-determination and self-governance. Snyder was succeeded by Alida Cynthia Bowler, who was appointed Director of Carson Indian School and Reservations. She embraced the reforms of the Indian Reorganization Act. She also served as Indian Agent for most of Nevada, and worked to empower tribal councils. In 1936, she organized the Wai-Pai-Shone Craftsman Cooperative, from which the natives could sell their work.</p><br>
<p>The Bureau of Indian Affairs encouraged schools such as Stewart to let students speak their native languages and to promote classes in native cultures.</p><br>
<p>More than 30,000 children were educated at the school before it closed in 1980 due to federal budget cuts and earthquake safety. others recall being bathed in kerosene, having their heads shaved, and endured nightmares from the severe discipline they received.</p><br>
<h2>Masonry buildings</h2><br>
<p>Snyder transformed the school into an architectural and horticultural showplace. He used colored native stone quarried from along the Carson River for campus buildings, and much of the masonry used in the vernacular-style buildings is the work of student apprentices.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the surviving buildings were built between 1922 and the beginning of World War II. The school eventually included over 63 buildings, a 10,000 gallon swimming pool and a platform for the Virginia & Truckee Railroad. The railroad stop was used to deliver supplies and transport students to and from the school. The Stewart Indian School Museum, located in superintendent Snyder&#39;s home, was built by Indian students in 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Historic preservation</h2><br>
<p>Many of the original buildings still exist. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The NRHP listing included 63 contributing buildings and one contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California established the Stewart Indian Colony on the grounds of and adjacent to the former school. The State of Nevada uses some of the buildings for state sponsored classes, training centers and agency offices such as the Department of Corrections. A walking tour describes the former campus and relics of the school are on display at the Nevada State Museum, Carson City.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural center and museum</h2><br>
<p>In 2017, Governor Brian Sandoval approved funding to renovate the schools Administration Office and Student Union for use as the Stewart Indian School Cultural Center and Welcome Center. The cultural center opened to the public in 2020 and describes the histories of the American Indian children that boarded at the school and the school itself. The schools former post office is now the Welcome Center.</p><br>
<p>The SISCCM houses the Wa-Pai-Shone Gallery, which hosts changing exhibitions of art curated by the Great Basin Native Artists collective. The center also hosts an annual powwow every June.</p><br>
<p>Entranceway at Main Street at Darwin Drive is a suburban residential subdivision entranceway and street furniture built about 1927 by developer Charles S. Burkhardt. It is located on Main Street  in the town of Amherst within Erie County. It consists of two matching sets of stone sculptures set on either side of the drive. It also includes the painted metal street sign post.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Entranceway at Main Street at High Park Boulevard is a suburban residential subdivision entranceway built about 1916 by developer Charles S. Burkhardt. It is located on Main Street  at Eggertsville in the town of Amherst within Erie County. It consists of tall and short stone posts, corresponding quarter-height stone walls, and accent light fixtures set on either side of the streets&#39; intersecting corners.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Entranceway at Main Street at Lafayette Boulevard is a suburban residential subdivision entranceway built about 1920 by Orange & Black Corp., Developers. It is located on Main Street  in the town of Amherst within Erie County. It consists of roofed stone archways, connecting half-height stone walls, and stone posts located on either corner.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Entranceway at Main Street at LeBrun Road is a suburban residential subdivision entranceway in Amherst, New York, USA. It was built about 1920 by Goode & Sickels, Realtors. It is located on Main Street  at Eggertsville in the town of Amherst within Erie County. It consists of half-height brick masonry walls, brick masonry posts, and accent light fixtures located on either street corner.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Entranceway at Main Street at Westfield Road and Ivyhurst Road is a suburban residential subdivision entranceway built about 1920 by John Sattler. It is located on Main Street  in the town of Amherst within Erie County. It consists of stone posts, connecting quarter-height stone walls, and accent light fixtures located on either street corner.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Canastota Public Library is a historic Carnegie library building located at Canastota in Madison County, New York. It was designed and built in 1902, with funds provided by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It is one of 2,509 such libraries constructed between 1885 and 1919, and one of 107 in New York State. Carnegie provided $10,000 toward the construction of the Canastota library. It is a two-story building on a raised, rusticated stone and brick foundation in the Classical Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Crescent Hotel is a historic hotel at 75 Prospect Avenue in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. It is billed as "America&#39;s most haunted hotel" and offers a ghost tour for a fee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Crescent Hotel was built in 1886 to a design by Isaac S. Taylor, as a resort for the rich and famous, but quickly became unmanageable and fell into disrepair. In 1908, it was reopened as the Crescent College and Conservatory for Young Women. This institution closed down in 1924, and then opened again in 1930 as a junior college. After the college closed in 1934, the Crescent was leased as a summer hotel.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, it got a new owner, Norman G. Baker, who turned the place into a hospital and health resort. Baker, a millionaire inventor and radio personality, styled himself as a doctor, despite having had no medical training. He claimed to have discovered a number of "cures" for various ailments, including cancer, and launched frequent attacks on organized medicine, which he accused of being corrupt and profit-driven.</p><br>
<p>Having been run out of Iowa for practicing medicine without a license, Baker moved his cancer patients to Arkansas and advertised his new health resort at the Crescent. His "cure" consisted primarily of drinking the area&#39;s natural spring water. In 1940, federal charges were filed against Baker for mail fraud and he spent four years in prison. The Crescent Hotel was left ownerless until 1946. In the spring of 1946, the Crescent Hotel was purchased by John R. Constantine, Herbert E. Shutter, Herbert Byfield, and Dwight Nichols. On March 15, 1967, the hotel was nearly burned to the ground. The only living owner at this time was Dwight Nichols.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, Marty and Elise Roenigk purchased the Crescent Hotel for $1.3 million. They oversaw a six-year restoration and renovation of the hotel rooms. Marty Roenigk died in a car crash in 2009; Elise Roenigk remains the hotel&#39;s current owner.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In 2005, the hotel was featured on the television show Ghost Hunters where the cast claimed to see what they described as “a full-body apparition” on their thermal imaging camera.</p><br>
<p>The Cloverdale Historic District is a 156 acre historic district in Montgomery, Alabama. It is roughly bounded by Norman Bridge and Cloverdale roads, Fairview and Felder avenues, and Boultier Street. It contains 463 contributing buildings and 4 structures that date from the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1985.</p><br>
